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Battle of Oberwald
Battle of Oberwald occurred on 13–14 August 1799 between French forces commanded by General of Division Jean Victor Tharreau and elements of Prince Rohan's corps in southern Switzerland. The Austrian regiment was commanded by Colonel Gottfried von Strauch. Both sides engaged approximately 6,000 men. The French lost 500 killed, wounded or missing, and the Austrians lost 3,000 men and two guns.〔Digby Smith, ''Napoleonic Wars Data Book,'' CH:Oberwald. Greenhill Press, 1978, p. 162.〕 Oberwald is a village in Canton Valais, at the source of the Rhône River, between Grimsel and Furka passes.〔 Bodart, Gaston. ''(Militär-historisches kreigs-lexikon, (1618–1905) )''. Vienna, Stern, 1908, p. 340.〕
==Background==
Within six months of signing the Treaty of Campo Formio (October 1797), the French Directory had established a new ''modus operandi'' to expand its area of influence. The Republic sought a contiguous territory between France and the Holy Roman Empire. To accomplish this, France subverted Austrian and Imperial influence by exporting its own brand of revolution to former Austrian territories in the Lowlands, creating the Batavian Republic. By lending French military muscle, local collaborators seized power and established other satellite republics. In several of the Italian states that bordered on France, Switzerland, and Austria, they created the Cisalpine and Ligurian Republics, which included most of Genoa and much of the Savoyan territories. In December 1798, the King of Sardinia, was forced to abdicate and the Piedmont was occupied and "republicanized;" Sardinia had already been forced into a treaty with France that gave the French army free passage through the Piedmont. In 1798, Switzerland was restructured into the Helvetic Republic, modeled on revolutionary France; the traditional mode of self-governing cantons was deemed as feudal by modern revolutionary ideals.
These newly formed republics served multiple purposes: they were a nursery for soldiers to learn the craft of warfare; they functioned as a proving ground for military leadership, a continuation of what Ramsey Weston Phipps has called "The School for Marshals";〔Ramsey Weston Phipps, ''〕 and, finally, they gave France a formidable strategic position with friendly buffer states that stretched from the Adriatic to the North Sea.〔Timothy Blanning, The French Revolutionary Wars, 1787-1802, pp. 227-228.〕
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